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What is Sweet Itch: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Mar 07,2023 | Kim Horton

What is sweet itch

Sweet itch, also known as summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (SSRD), is a common allergic skin condition that affects horses. It is caused by an allergic reaction to the bites of certain species of midges or gnats, particularly Culicoides spp. These insects are most active during the summer months, hence the name "summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis."

Sweet itch can be very uncomfortable for horses, and if left untreated, it can lead to significant distress and loss of condition. In this article, we'll discuss the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for sweet itch in horses.

Causes of Sweet Itch in Horses

Sweet itch is caused by an allergic reaction to the saliva of certain biting insects, particularly midges or gnats of the Culicoides species. When a horse is bitten by these insects, the allergens in their saliva trigger an immune response in the horse's skin, leading to inflammation, itching, and other symptoms associated with sweet itch.

The exact cause of the allergic reaction is not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to a hypersensitivity or overreaction of the horse's immune system to certain allergens in the insect saliva. Some horses may be more prone to developing sweet itch due to genetic factors, as there may be a hereditary component to the condition.

Symptoms of Sweet Itch in Horses

The symptoms of sweet itch can vary in severity from mild to severe and may include:

  • Intense itching: This is the most common symptom of sweet itch. Horses may rub or scratch themselves excessively, often causing hair loss, scabs, and sores.
  • Hair loss: Sweet itch can cause hair loss, particularly in the mane, tail, and base of the ears. The skin in these areas may become thin and inflamed.
  • Skin inflammation: The affected skin may become red, swollen, and hot to the touch. In severe cases, the skin may crack or bleed.
  • Sores and scabs: As a result of scratching and rubbing, the affected skin may develop sores and scabs, which can be painful and prone to infection.
  • Restlessness and irritability: Horses with sweet itch may become restless, agitated, and difficult to handle due to the intense itching and discomfort.
  • Loss of condition: If left untreated, sweet itch can cause a horse to lose condition and weight due to the constant rubbing and scratching, which can interfere with feeding and rest.

Sweet Itch is not contagious. The photographs below show what this condition looks like:Sweet Itch On The Neck

Sweet Itch On The Tail

What areas of the horse are affected?

The most common place that the horse rubs is the crest of the mane and the top of the tail. Alternatively, you might see patches along the spine and around the head and ears. Do remember though, it can actually affect any area of the body.

Preventing Sweet Itch in Horses

Preventing sweet itch can be challenging, but there are several strategies that you can use to minimise the risk of your horse developing the condition. These include:

  • Reducing exposure to biting insects: One of the most effective ways to prevent sweet itch is to minimize your horse's exposure to biting insects, such as midges and gnats. This can be achieved through the use of fly sheets, fly masks, and insect repellents. Keeping your horse indoors during peak insect activity hours can also help.
  • Maintaining good hygiene: Keeping your horse's environment clean and well-maintained can help to reduce the presence of biting insects and prevent the buildup of allergens and bacteria on the skin.
  • Providing shade: Providing your horse with access to shade can help to reduce their exposure to direct sunlight and reduce the risk of overheating, which can make sweet itch symptoms worse.
  • Feeding a balanced diet: Feeding your horse a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients can help to support their immune system and improve their overall health, which may reduce the risk of developing sweet itch.
  • Regular grooming: Regular grooming can help to remove any allergens or irritants
  • Ride and turn out on blustery days: midges cannot remain airborne in winds above 5mph. You’ll probably find that your horse is more affected on still days.

 

Need to treat sweet itch?

Read my other blog on how to treat sweet itch and find out more about the myriad of products that are available nowadays. Or browse our Sweet Itch Collection for products to prevent and treat symptoms.

How to treat sweet itch

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